In this tutorial, you learned how to use Python to convert strings to lowercase, using the str.lower() and the str.casefold() string methods. You also learned how to check if a string is already lowercase by using the str.islower() method. Finally, you learned how to convert a list of strings as well as a Pandas dataframe column to lowercase.The Mercedes M-Class, which includes the ML350, ML550 and ML63, has an advanced driving control system, which is to be expected from almost any high-line vehicle. Unfortunately, wi...The toLowerCase() method returns the value of the string converted to lower case. toLowerCase() does not affect the value of the string str itself.Change to upper and lower case in python. 3. Changing the first letter of a string into upper case in python. 5. How to make everything in a string lowercase. 1. Easy way of converting a string to lowercase in python. 1. Changing lowercase characters to uppercase and vice-versa in Python. 1.In Word how to change uppercase to lowercase. This Microsoft Word tutorial show you how to convert any text upper or lowercase into the opposite case. I'll ... LambdaTest's Text Lowercase tool is quite handy for a variety of reasons. Its user-friendly interface makes the text conversion task a breeze, catering to beginners and experts alike. It quickly and efficiently converts text to lowercase, handling length content. Plus, its ability to spot and change uppercase letters is a neat touch for those ... To make things a bit easier this is what I do: Move all affected files outside of the directory to, let’s say, the desktop. Do a git add . -A to stage the removal of those files. Rename all files on the desktop to the proper capitalization. Move all the files back to the original directory. Do a git add ..Column and column names to lowercase. The casefold function. The chartr function. R provides a set of functions for casefolding, that is, to transform strings to uppercase and to lowercase, such as toupper, tolower, casefold. In addition we will review the chartr function, used to perform specific string transformations.This just "brute forces" all uppercase letters to lowercase letters without regards to whether the actual letter exists in the string or not. Thus the functional loop runs exactly 26 times no matter the length of the string.Change is intensely personal. For change to occur in any organization, each individual must think, feel, or do something different. Even in large organizations, which depend on tho...Convert column names From Upper Case to lower case using the for loop. 1. Writing a Function to Change Certain Columns to Lowercase. 0. Changing from upper to lower case in several data frames. 0. Convert all columns to lower case in data.table. 0.Use the str.lower() Function and a for Loop to Convert a List of Strings to Lowercase in Python. The str.lower() method is utilized to simply convert all uppercase characters in a given string into lowercase characters and provide the result. Similarly, the str.upper() method is used to reverse this process.Apr 5, 2019 ... Lower Case. Now we want to convert uppercase to lowercase. The Excel function we'll use is the LOWER function. The syntax for the LOWER ...Column and column names to lowercase. The casefold function. The chartr function. R provides a set of functions for casefolding, that is, to transform strings to uppercase and to lowercase, such as toupper, tolower, casefold. In addition we will review the chartr function, used to perform specific string transformations.The uppercase converter will change any text into capital letters. It will keep all existing capital letters and convert all lowercase letters to capitals. Using all capital letters for your sentence can help it stand out to readers. This converter is a quick and easy way to change headers, titles, and large amounts of text into capital letters.Use the tolower Function to Convert String to Lowercase in C. The tolower function is part of the C standard library defined in the <ctype.h> header file. tolower takes one int type argument and returns the converted value of the given character if the corresponding lowercase representation exists. Note that the passed character needs …3. You can use the .str. methods to convert a column to lowercase: df["name"].str.lower() And then to overwrite the original: df.loc[:,"name"] = df.loc[:,"name"].str.lower() Using .loc to reassign prevents the pink warning about writing to copies of slices. The .str. tells Pandas that you want to treat the column as a collection of strings ...Are you tired of looking at the same old wallpaper on your Chromebook? Changing your wallpaper can give your device a fresh new look and make it more personal. If you’re not sure h...Alternatively, you can use the =PROPER (cell) formula to convert to the proper case with the initials capitalized, or =UPPER (cell) to convert to uppercase. 4. Press ↵ Enter or ⏎ Return on your keyboard. This will process your formula and convert your text in the specified cell to lowercase letters. The converted text will show up in your ...Jan 11, 2024 · To change text case. Select the text you want to convert. To convert text to all lower case, choose Edit > Advanced > Make Lowercase or press Ctrl + U. (If you have the C++ development workload installed, this keybinding may be used by a different command.) To revert to the previous case formatting before this change, select Undo from the Edit ... All three functions have only one argument: text. Basically, all you have to do is provide the text you want to convert and the function will do the rest. Since you will rarely have all your text in one cell you can use concatenation for more flexibility. Cells C3 to C5 contain the following formulas: C3: =UPPER(B3) C4: =LOWER(B4) C5: =PROPER(B5)Convert Text to Lowercase. The lowercase converter will change all of your text into lowercase letters. This means it will change all capital letters contained within your text …Discussion. Since PowerShell strings are fully featured .NET objects, they support many string-oriented operations directly. The ToUpper() and ToLower() methods are two examples of the many features that the String class supports. To learn what other functionality the String class supports, see Recipe 3.12.. Neither PowerShell nor the …To change the case of selected text in a document, do the following: Select the text for which you want to change the case. Go to Home > Change case . To capitalize the first letter of a sentence and leave all other letters as lowercase, select Sentence case. To exclude capital letters from your text, select lowercase.To check if a character is lowercase, we find the index and compare it to the last count of the lowercase letters in the list. Again, lowercase letters have indexes from 0-25, and the index of the last lowercase letter <z> is 25. These characters are added to the variable name <lower_case_letters> that stores an empty string. Whenever you want some text data from your SQL database to be displayed in lowercase, use the LOWER() function. This function takes as an argument a string or the name of a column whose text values are to be displayed in lowercase. It returns a version of the original text data in which every uppercase letter is replaced by its lowercase ... Free online case converter tool that you can use to change cases from uppercase to lowercase and vice-versa online. Copy the text from Excel and paste it into a Word document. Select the text you want to convert. Click the “Home” tab on the toolbar, then locate the “Change Case” icon in the “Font” section. Click the icon and select “Sentence case” from the dropdown menu. Once the text is converted, copy it back to Excel.The strlwr ( ) function is a built-in function in C and is used to convert a given string into lowercase. Syntax: char *strlwr(char *str); Parameter: str: This represents the given string which we want to convert into lowercase. Returns: It returns the modified string obtained after converting the characters of the given string str to lowercase.Casefolding is similar to lowercasing but more aggressive because it is intended to remove all case distinctions in a string. For example, the German lowercase letter 'ß' is equivalent to "ss". Since it is already lowercase, lower() would do nothing to 'ß'; casefold() converts it to "ss". Compare the output of lower for,An individual can use one of 13 ways to make 25 cents in change. A total of 25 cents in change can be made from as little as a single quarter to as many as 25 pennies.Method#2 – tolower () function. A newer and better alternative for converting Uppercase Strings to Lowercase is the tolower () function. In this example, we will take a look at how to convert some simple characters in C++ to lowercase using the tolower () function. You can pass both lowercase and uppercase characters into it.Here, the text argument is the text or cell reference to the text for which we need to change the case to lowercase. #2 – Uppercase In Excel. Similar to lowercase, the UPPER() change case in Excel converts the existing text case but to uppercase. The syntax is:Using sed, to convert string to upper case, type. [a-z] is the regular expression which will match lowercase letters. \U& is used to replace these lowercase letters with the uppercase version. Now to change to lower case using the following command: [A-Z] is the regular expression which will match uppercase letters.I’m going to let you in on a little secret about change. Walking away from the things and people that drain your energy is one of the hardest things you... Edit Your Post...Nov 24, 2008 · 2. C++ doesn't have tolower or toupper methods implemented for std::string, but it is available for char. One can easily read each char of string, convert it into required case and put it back into string. A sample code without using any third party library: #include<iostream>. int main(){. The lower-case string may need to be placed in a different location in the set than the string it is replacing. Moreover, the lower-case string may not be added to the set at all if it is identical to another lower-case string that has already been added (e.g., "HELLO" and "Hello" will both yield "hello", which will only be added to the set once).While working in VBA, you often need to convert strings into lowercase, uppercase or proper case. This is possible by using the UCase, LCase and StrConv functions. These functions are important when manipulating strings in VBA, as VBA is case sensitive. If you wish to make VBA case-insensitive, you need to add O ption Compare …In C#, ToLower () is a string method. It converts every character to lowercase (if there is a lowercase character). If a character does not have a lowercase equivalent, it remains unchanged. For example, special symbols remain unchanged. This method can be overloaded by passing the different type of arguments to it.Whenever you want some text data from your SQL database to be displayed in lowercase, use the LOWER() function. This function takes as an argument a string or the name of a column whose text values are to be displayed in lowercase. It returns a version of the original text data in which every uppercase letter is replaced by its lowercase ...The `lower ()` method is a string method in Python. When applied to a string, it converts all the characters in the string to lowercase. This is useful for standardizing and comparing strings without considering case differences. For example, if the original string is “Hello World,” applying `lower ()` would result in “hello world.”.Change is intensely personal. For change to occur in any organization, each individual must think, feel, or do something different. Even in large organizations, which depend on tho...Method #1: Change Case Using Formulas. The main advantage to using formulas is that if the source data changes, the updated formula version automatically updates. In our data set, we have a list of …Strings in JavaScript are immutable. The toLowerCase() method converts the string specified into a new one that consists of only lowercase letters and returns that value. It means that the old, original string is not changed or affected in any way. let myGreeting = 'Hey there!'; console.log(myGreeting.toLowerCase());These companies are fighting climate change with renewable energy technology, and they could be good long-term investments as well. These companies are fighting climate change with...Dec 28, 2023 · Table of contents. Top 6 Methods to Change Capital Letters to Lower Case. #1 Using Lower Function to change case in Excel. Example. #2 Using VBA Command Button. Example. #3 Using VBA Shortcut key. Example. #4 Using Flash Fill. The SQL LOWER function converts all the characters in a string into lowercase. If you want to convert all characters in a string into uppercase, you should use the UPPER function. The following illustrates the syntax of the LOWER function. The LOWER function returns a string with all characters in the lowercase format.Change the current line to uppercase (same as VU). gUiw Change current word to uppercase. u Lowercase the visually-selected text. If you don't select text, pressing u will undo the last change. guu Change the current line to lowercase (same as Vu). Title case [] The :s substitute command can change case (see :help s/\u).All you have to do is follow these simple steps. Type or paste the text you want to change into the box. Press the “UPPERCASE” button. Your text will instantly be changed. Press the "Copy To Clipboard" button or select and copy your converted text. This HandyTools converter is perfect to have in instances where you need to make quick edits ... To change the case of selected text in a document, do the following: Select the text for which you want to change the case. Go to Home > Change case . To capitalize the first letter of a sentence and leave all other letters as lowercase, select Sentence case. To exclude capital letters from your text, select lowercase. Inverse Case: Flip the case of each character – uppercase becomes lowercase, and vice versa. A creative way to make your text stand out! Capitalized Case: Capitalize the first letter of each word. Useful for titles and headings that require a touch of elegance. Alternating Case: Alternate between uppercase and lowercase letters. A playful ...Dec 18, 2023 · Applying LOWER Function. You can change uppercase into lowercase by using the LOWER function. To do this follow the below steps. First of all, type the following formula in cell E5. =LOWER(D5) After that, press ENTER. Therefore, you will see the result in cell E5. Now, drag down the formula with the Fill Handle tool. Dim cat As String = "cat" If cat = cat.ToLower () Then Console.WriteLine ( "Is Lower" ) End If End Sub End Module abc123 Is Lower. ToUpper example. ToUpper converts all characters to uppercase characters. It causes a copy to be made of the VB.NET String, which is returned. Here We look at ToUpper and its behavior.Version for case-insensitive matching and including a "WHERE" clause if you don't want to update the entire column: UPDATE table. SET tag = LOWER(tag) WHERE LOWER(tag) != tag. COLLATE Latin1_General_CS_AS. The COLLATE line will make it work if your database uses case insensitive matching, as mine does. answered Oct 30, 2017 at 22:23.Discover Powerful Techniques to Modify Case in Excel. Excel offers several shortcuts to change the case such as Ctrl+Shift+U for uppercase and Ctrl+Shift+L for lowercase. You can also capitalize the first letter of a cell’s contents by using the formula =PROPER (cell reference). Change text to sentence case by using the formula =LOWER (textNov 24, 2008 · 2. C++ doesn't have tolower or toupper methods implemented for std::string, but it is available for char. One can easily read each char of string, convert it into required case and put it back into string. A sample code without using any third party library: #include<iostream>. int main(){. The lowercase equivalent of c, or the unchanged value of c, if c is already lowercase or not alphabetic.. Remarks. Casing rules are obtained from the current culture. Use String.ToLower to convert a string to lowercase.. Notes to Callers. As explained in Best Practices for Using Strings, we recommend that you avoid calling character-casing and …Dim cat As String = "cat" If cat = cat.ToLower () Then Console.WriteLine ( "Is Lower" ) End If End Sub End Module abc123 Is Lower. ToUpper example. ToUpper converts all characters to uppercase characters. It causes a copy to be made of the VB.NET String, which is returned. Here We look at ToUpper and its behavior.Use the tolower Function to Convert String to Lowercase in C. The tolower function is part of the C standard library defined in the <ctype.h> header file. tolower takes one int type argument and returns the converted value of the given character if the corresponding lowercase representation exists. Note that the passed character needs to be ...Use the tolower Function to Convert String to Lowercase in C. The tolower function is part of the C standard library defined in the <ctype.h> header file. tolower takes one int type argument and returns the converted value of the given character if the corresponding lowercase representation exists. Note that the passed character needs …The uppercase converter will change any text into capital letters. It will keep all existing capital letters and convert all lowercase letters to capitals. Using all capital letters for your sentence can help it stand out to readers. This converter is a quick and easy way to change headers, titles, and large amounts of text into capital letters.Use this converter to convert all characters of text in any language to lowercase. All uppercase letters as a result of the transformation will become lowercase, that is, small. Special characters, spaces, punctuation marks, and numbers will remain unchanged when converted from uppercase to lowercase. If there are lowercase letters in the text ...Convert any text to lower case, upper case, proper case, or sentence case with this free online tool. Copy and paste your text, choose the desired case, and export or copy the result.Combine the fact that Tumblr lets you create as many blogs as you want and the fact that you can change a Tumblr blog's URL at any time, and you get the practice of URL saving -- c...The casing operation that results from calling the ToLower() method takes the casing conventions of the current culture into account. If you need the lowercase or uppercase version of an operating system identifier, such as a file name, named pipe, or registry key, use the ToLowerInvariant or ToUpperInvariant methods. This produces the same result …180. Yes there is, check the strings package. "fmt". "strings". fmt.Println(strings.ToLower("Gopher")) While the answer is correct, links tend to perish and adding a code sample that illustrates the solution is preferable.Apr 5, 2019 ... Lower Case. Now we want to convert uppercase to lowercase. The Excel function we'll use is the LOWER function. The syntax for the LOWER ...Convert std::string to Lower Case in C++. To convert string to lowercase, we will use the function std::tolower () which converts any uppercase letter into a lowercase letter. If any lowercase letter is provided to it, the function keeps it as it is. Approach. We will go at each character by iterating through a string using a loop.Actually, there are other ways to convert a string to lowercase. For example, the difference between an ASCII 'T' and 't' is 0x20. So if one ORs or add 0x20 to an uppercase ASCII letter, the letter will become lowercase. Again, this is true for ASCII alphabets. If you need other code pages, this method won't work.Here, the text argument is the text or cell reference to the text for which we need to change the case to lowercase. #2 – Uppercase In Excel. Similar to lowercase, the UPPER() change case in Excel converts the existing text case but to uppercase. The syntax is:And now, we can convert the given character to Lowercase using below statement. Ch = tolower(Ch); In the next line, we have the C programming printf statement to print the converted Lowercase letter. printf (" Lowercase of Entered character is %c", Ch); If the above condition is FALSE, then the given character is not Alphabet.Are you tired of looking at the same old wallpaper on your Chromebook? Changing your wallpaper can give your device a fresh new look and make it more personal. If you’re not sure h...Dec 28, 2023 · Table of contents. Top 6 Methods to Change Capital Letters to Lower Case. #1 Using Lower Function to change case in Excel. Example. #2 Using VBA Command Button. Example. #3 Using VBA Shortcut key. Example. #4 Using Flash Fill. The SQL LOWER function converts all the characters in a string into lowercase. If you want to convert all characters in a string into uppercase, you should use the UPPER function. The following illustrates the syntax of the LOWER function. The LOWER function returns a string with all characters in the lowercase format. This tutorial explains how to convert a string to lowercase in a Bash script. For example, if the input string is “Hello World Welcome,” the output will be “hello world welcome.”. There are multiple ways to achieve this, depending on the Bash type and version. using the tr command This tutorial explains how to convert a string to lowercase in a Bash script. For e
Convert uppercase to lowercase, lowercase to uppercase & more In the case of small text, the case can be changed "manually" by simply changing the capital letters to lowercase, …Dec 10, 2023 · To change the case for the whole document, use the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut to select everything. Hold down Shift and press F3. When you hold Shift and press F3, the text toggles from sentence case (first letter uppercase and the rest lowercase), to all uppercase (all capital letters), and then all lowercase. Change the current line to uppercase (same as VU). gUiw Change current word to uppercase. u Lowercase the visually-selected text. If you don't select text, pressing u will undo the last change. guu Change the current line to lowercase (same as Vu). Title case [] The :s substitute command can change case (see :help s/\u). Free online case converter tool that you can use to change cases from uppercase to lowercase and vice-versa online. All upper case letters are converted to lower case and all lower case letters are converted to upper case. The tOGGLE cASE text tool comes in handy for when text has been written in upper case due to the Caps Lock key being left on inadvertently. Instead of deleting the affected text, they can be highlighted and converted to lower case letters.Now an uppercase and lowercase switch can be done simultaneously in the selected strings via a regular expression replacement (regex, CtrlH + AltR), according to v1.47.3 June 2020 release: This is done through 4 "Single character" character classes (Perl documentation) , namely, for the matched group following it :The text to convert into lowercase. The upper =-argument. By setting the upper= -argument to FALSE, the casefold () function transforms the text into lowercase. casefold( < some_text >, upper = FALSE) In contrast, if you use upper = TRUE, then all characters are changed to uppercase. Therefore, you can use this function for two purposes.If you need to convert some text to lower or UPPER case, this can be easily done from the command-line using the Windows PowerShell. In this short note i will show the examples of how to convert a string in PowerShell to lowercase or UPPERCASE using the ToLower() or ToUpper() methods respectively. Cool Tip: Split a long command over …Convert column names From Upper Case to lower case using the for loop. 1. Writing a Function to Change Certain Columns to Lowercase. 0. Changing from upper to lower case in several data frames. 0. Convert all columns to lower case in data.table. 0. 3. You can use the .str. methods to convert a column to lowercase: df["name"].str.lower() And then to overwrite the original: df.loc[:,"name"] = df.loc[:,"name"].str.lower() Using .loc to reassign prevents the pink warning about writing to copies of slices. The .str. tells Pandas that you want to treat the column as a collection of strings ... To change the case for the whole document, use the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut to select everything. Hold down Shift and press F3. When you hold Shift and press F3, the text toggles from sentence case (first letter uppercase and the rest lowercase), to all uppercase (all capital letters), and then all lowercase.3. You can use the .str. methods to convert a column to lowercase: df["name"].str.lower() And then to overwrite the original: df.loc[:,"name"] = df.loc[:,"name"].str.lower() Using .loc to reassign prevents the pink warning about writing to copies of slices. The .str. tells Pandas that you want to treat the column as a collection of strings ...To change the case for the whole document, use the Ctrl + A keyboard shortcut to select everything. Hold down Shift and press F3. When you hold Shift and press F3, the text toggles from sentence case (first letter uppercase and the rest lowercase), to all uppercase (all capital letters), and then all lowercase.To check if a character is lowercase, we find the index and compare it to the last count of the lowercase letters in the list. Again, lowercase letters have indexes from 0-25, and the index of the last lowercase letter <z> is 25. These characters are added to the variable name <lower_case_letters> that stores an empty string.This web page allows you to change the case of any text you enter, such as uppercase, lowercase, title case, and more. You can also remove whitespace, numbers, and letters from your text with different options.Key Takeaway: There are 5 ways to change the case of text in Excel including using formulas (UPPER, LOWER, and PROPER), cell formatting options, shortcut keys, find and replace function, and VBA macros. Using formulas is a quick and easy way to change the case of text in Excel, providing options to transform text to all caps, lowercase, or ...Capitalize each word – the first letter of each word will be uppercase, and the rest lowercase. Toggle – reverse the case. Uppercase letters become lowercase, and all lowercase letters are changed to uppercase. Alt key sequence for Change Case. The mouse-free to reach the Change Case menu is: Alt , H, 7 whichCase Convert is a free online tool that lets you switch text between uppercase, lowercase, sentence case, and more. Just paste or type your text, choose the case style, and copy the result to your documents, …Nov 3, 2022 · To check if a character is lowercase, we find the index and compare it to the last count of the lowercase letters in the list. Again, lowercase letters have indexes from 0-25, and the index of the last lowercase letter <z> is 25. These characters are added to the variable name <lower_case_letters> that stores an empty string. Posted on: 16 May 2024. People in the Brixham area are being advised by South West Water not to drink tap water without boiling it first after low levels of …So I was searching around and using the command tr you can convert from lower case to upper case and vice versa. But is there a way to do this both at once? So: $ tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' or $ tr A-Z a-z ... Using the tr command to change a single word into uppercase. 5. Converting lowercase to uppercase in shell script. 4.The `lower ()` method is a string method in Python. When applied to a string, it converts all the characters in the string to lowercase. This is useful for standardizing and comparing strings without considering case differences. For example, if the original string is “Hello World,” applying `lower ()` would result in “hello world.”.Upper case: The transformer in the upper case takes any text you have and convert to caps all the letters. Our uppercase converter make lowercase letters into CAPITALS (as well as keeping upper case letters as upper case letters) essentially. To do this, simply select the text you need to change and paste in the above box, then select the tab ...Only uppercase letters are converted to lowercase; all lowercase letters and nonletter characters remain unchanged. Example. This example uses the LCase function to return a lowercase version of a string. Dim UpperCase, LowerCase Uppercase = "Hello World 1234" ' String to convert. Lowercase = Lcase(UpperCase) ' Returns "hello world 1234". See alsoCapitalize each word – the first letter of each word will be uppercase, and the rest lowercase. Toggle – reverse the case. Uppercase letters become lowercase, and all lowercase letters are changed to uppercase. Alt key sequence for Change Case. The mouse-free to reach the Change Case menu is: Alt , H, 7 whichThe text to convert into lowercase. The upper =-argument. By setting the upper= -argument to FALSE, the casefold () function transforms the text into lowercase. casefold( < some_text >, upper = FALSE) In contrast, if you use upper = TRUE, then all characters are changed to uppercase. Therefore, you can use this function for two …\L is the lowercase transformation of. $1 contents of the first group (only one group will be caught). And, to catch only the text between quotation marks use: ... I want change to lowercase only text in quotation marks – HackPack. May 22, 2018 at 13:30. Sorry for the correction, I just want to be helpful, but this one fails depending on ...Example Get your own Python Server. Lower case the string: txt = "Hello my FRIENDS". x = txt.lower () print(x) Try it Yourself ».Convert Case Online. Simply enter your text and choose the case you want to convert it to. Convert text between different cases - lower, UPPER, Sentence, Title, Capitalised, aLtErNaTiNg and more.This tutorial explains how to convert a string to lowercase in a Bash script. For example, if the input string is “Hello World Welcome,” the output will be “hello world welcome.”. There are multiple ways to achieve this, depending on the Bash type and version. using the tr commandJun 5, 2023 · In this Microsoft Word video tutorial I explain how to change upper case to lower case without retyping. I explain two methods: the first uses the Change Ca... Convert Text to Lowercase. The lowercase converter will change all of your text into lowercase letters. This means it will change all capital letters contained within your text (including names, places, titles, and the first word of a new sentence) to lowercase letters. here is an example of lowercase text.Now the Rules May Change. Pursuit, a nonprofit that trains low-income workers to become software engineers, is urging New York legislators to pass a new …Step 2: Change the strings to lowercase in Pandas DataFrame. Next, change the strings to lowercase using this template: So the complete Python code would be: 'Price': [ 0. 5, 1, 1. 5, 2. 5, 1 ] print (df) Run the code, and you’ll notice that the 5 fruits are now in lower case: Fruits Price.The tOGGLE cASE text tool, also called Change Case tool that changes the text case of all the upper case and lowers case letters inputted into the text area. All upper case letters …WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Wednesday paved the way for Louisiana to use a congressional map in this year's election that includes two majority … I have been searching to find a way to convert a string value from uppercase to lowercase. All the s